Which of these models of justice is considered “forward-looking”?
Only the deontological form of retributivism
Only the consequentialist form of retributivism
Utilitarianism
Retributivism in general
The procedural model of justice
How was restorative justice used in the aftermath of the crime discussed in the New York Times article (the one about Conor and Ann)?
to give Ann an opportunity to ask Conor why he had robbed her
to determine whether Conor had committed a crime against Ann
to get input on what the criminal case sentence should be
to determine what restitution Conor should provide to Ann to help her recover from the crime
What is one function of the forum, under the parallel justice model?
to give victims an opportunity to speak about the crime and its impacts on them
to reach decisions on guilt or innocence of the accused, as an alternative to the trial process
to encourage victims to meet with police and prosecutors, to help build a stronger criminal case
to allow the victim and offender to meet for mediation sessions
The model of justice that would find disproportionate punishment acceptable if it prevents crime by altering the cost/benefit basis for the choice to commit crime is:
Utilitarianism
Deontology
Retributivism
Consequentialism
Both the retributive and the utilitarian approaches to justice can be criticized because:
Not being very effective at achieving their goals, not offering any practical relief to victims, and being costly to society
Neither offers any practical relief to victims
Both are costly to society
Neither is particularly effective at achieving its goals
Neither the retributive nor the utilitarian model can be criticized on any of these grounds
One current government program that reflects a key principle of the parallel theory of justice, that society should take responsibility for helping victims to recover, is:
legal rights for all victims that address all their harms and provide access to a wide variety of resources to address all their needs
the use of restitution to have offenders pay for the harm they caused to victims
state-run victim compensation programs that provide some recovery resources for victims
use of victim impact statements to determine how defendants are charged by prosecutors
If a society’s criminal justice system uses an adversarial, fact-finding process with professionals representing the adversaries, what theoretical model(s) is it likely to be implementing?
The distributive model of justice
The retributive model of justice only
Either the retributive or the utilitarian model of justice
The utilitarian model of justice only
