Describe, in detail, the types of findings that can result from an MHRA GCP Inspection. (15 marks)
Name six types of intervention that may be studied in a clinical trial. (6 marks)
Briefly describe two types of non-interventional clinical trial. (4 marks)
QUESTION 2.
Your answer should include a range of references from the literature.
The QSAR equation relating the general anaesthetic activity of several ethers to their log P values is defined by the following equation and graph.
What does a graph like this show regarding activity? Comment on log Po. Include examples from the literature. (13 marks)
The antibacterial activity of a number of penicillins was found to fit the following QSAR equation:
What does π measure? (4 marks)
How will changes in the value of π affect the overall activity? (5 marks)
Comment on the value for the regression coefficient (r). (3 marks)
QUESTION 3.
Your answer should include a range of references from the literature.
Define what is meant by the term “Pharmacognosy” and explain its origin. (5 marks)
Name the four chemical groups or secondary metabolites of which most phytochemicals are derived. (4 marks)
Digoxin is a phytochemical which is extracted from the foxglove plant, Digitalis lanata. What chemical group does Digoxin belong to and what is its medicinal purpose? (4 marks)
Name the three natural sources of drugs other than plants and give one example of a drug from each source. (12 marks)
QUESTION 4.
Your answer should include a range of references from the literature.
Explain how biologics differ from conventional drugs. Include examples with reference to literature. (8 marks)
Explain what is meant by DMARDs and their application in the treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Provide examples with reference to literature. (11 marks)
Provide reasons why biologics would be used for the treatment of asthma. (6 marks)
QUESTION 5.
Your answer should include a range of references from the literature.
Provide an overview of the history of analytical techniques for drug development and discovery from the 19th century to modern day. In your answer, include the key developments in history for modern techniques and include examples of applications of these techniques today.
(25 marks)
