answer the following multiple choice questions to the best of your ability. Each question is worth 3 points. Take your time before answering. Do not access the internet to answer these questions, as I think the internet will likely steer you in the wrong direction anyways. As clearly noted in the syllabus, using the internet in any way will immediately result in your receiving a grade of F in the course. Please also avoid using direct quotes when writing up your essay responses. You should paraphrase what matters from our video lectures and our textbook.
Put your multiple-choice answer in bold font so I clearly know which response you selected.
1. In an attempt to decrease his daughter’s yelling in order to get her parents’ attention, Dr. J has decided to engage in a practice called Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior. Although this term sounds fancy, the practice simply involves offering verbal praise to her whenever she talks in a normal tone of voice in order to get things that she wants. In short, to increase her calm responding to get what she wants, we praise her with great enthusiasm when she talks in the right tone of voice. This way, she will be more likely to talk in a calm tone in the future. What type of operant conditioning is being used in this example?
a. Positive reinforcement
b. Negative reinforcement
c. Positive punishment
d. Negative punishment
2. Angelina has evolved into an intelligent and motivated person. Her study skills are improving and her social skills that she uses to interact with friends and people from work are very well developed. Unfortunately, since she works outside of school, some aspects of her development have diminished. For instance, she has less energy during the day and sometimes she has difficulty finding time to spend with her significant other, family and friends. This idea that, as we develop, some things improve and some things diminish in people is termed
a. Multidirectionality
b. Multidimensionality
c. Non-normative contextual event
d. Plasticity
3. During the later stages of infancy, children began to adjust their schemas to be more specific and accurate in helping them respond to a number of different life challenges. For instance, today my young nephew, who is 1.5 years of age, learned the difference between a fork and a spoon. In the past, he had called virtually every eating utensil a spoon. Yet, after receiving a lot of feedback from his parents, he has finally developed a different schema for forks. In short, my nephew now knows the difference between forks and spoons. What is the term used to describe my nephew’s cognitive changes?
a. accommodation
b. assimilation
c. recordation
d. qualitative juncture
4. If a child is born at 41 weeks gestation and weighs 8.1 pounds, what would be a term that absolutely DOES apply to describe this newborn infant?
a. Low birth weight
b. Premature
c. Small for date
d. None of the above terms apply.
5. Which theorist might make the following statement?
Human beings succeed or fail based on more than just their own strengths and weaknesses. It’s not always about our genetics or our thinking tendencies. Sometimes the contexts where we live cause dramatic problems in our lives or help us negotiate our life span development in a healthy way. I wonder, why aren’t their more diagnoses of rough places or rough situations that people encounter. It is the contexts of our lives that matter when predicting human development.
a. Lorenz
b. Piaget
c. Bronfenbrenner
d. Erikson
