Description
The Historical Essay is about to answer this question
What did the United Nations do to protect the Palestinian refugees during the Sabra and Shatila massacre 16 -18 Sep 1982 West Beirut?
Note:
– You have 3000 words in all: 500 max for the introduction, 200/300 for the conclusion, 2200 words for the text. Footnotes count in the wordcount BUT NOT THE BIBLIOGRAPHY.
– Useful sources – see attached files/list and fee free to use others if its available at your side.
– Referencing style: Chicago
– Font type: Times New Romans
– Font size: 11
Introduction
This part will Spot the main factors/actors behind the Massacre and connect all actors involved. In the literature, they represent Sabra and Shatila massacre due to the internal Lebanese civil war. Before the Massacre, assorted incidents intensify the revenge amongst Palestinians and Lebanese militia. At that time, the Israeli invasion/siege to west Beirut to back up the Palestinian PLO fighters helped the Massacre happen.
Text
This part will focus on the position of the UN and international community pre/during the Massacre and highlight the central debates on the international community’s role and UN to protect Palestinian refugees living in the UN camps (Sabra and Shatila). The Security Council resolutions and Multinational Forces Lebanon (MNF) role pre/during and after the Massacre. Furthermore, the silence of the Israeli army (as invaders) to prevent the massacre was questionable.
The available resources will help to navigate through the massacre timeline/trends by understanding the motives behind and triggers. It will further understand the international community’s position and actions to protect the camp refugees. It explores the implementation of the UN resolution and examines its effectiveness to prevent Massacre.
By addressing the UN and international community action plan to prevent the Massacre and how far these resolutions were influential on the ground. Constraints and difficulties faced these resolutions.
Conclusion
This part will evaluate the UN resolutions whether if there were ink on paper or effective actions to protect the Palestinian refuges during Sabra and Shatila massacre. Lesson learnt.
Useful sources – see attached files and fee free to use others if its available at your side.
– Book by Ḥūt, Bayān Nuwayhiḍ. Sabra and Shatila : September 1982. London ;: Pluto Press, 2004.
– Khalidi, Rashid. Under Siege: PLO Decisionmaking During the 1982 War. New York: Columbia University Press, 1986. Accessed December 17, 2020. doi:10.7312/khal16668.
– The Beirut massacre : the complete Kahan Commission report. Israel. Va’adah la-hakirat ha-eru’im be-mahanot ha-pelitim be-Beirut. Kahan, Yitzhak.
– Arens, Richard. “Israel’s Responsibility in Lebanon.” Journal of Palestine Studies 13, no. 1 (1983): 102-08. Accessed December 17, 2020. doi:10.2307/2536928.
– Article by Luigi Caligaris (1984) Western peacekeeping in Lebanon: Lessons of the MNF,Survival, 26:6, 262-268, DOI: 10.1080/00396338408442208 Western peacekeeping in Lebanon: Lessons of the MNF.
– US Foreign Policy and the Multinational Force in Lebanon. Vigorous Self-Defense. Author Corrin Varady.
– UN website and security council – resolutions related to the massacre.
– Artilce on NY times – A Preventable Massacre by Seth Anziska
– Some Youtube documentaries that interview some survivals and aid workers during the massacre.
