procedural information can be easily changed to test new hypotheses. Our project tests the central hypothesis from the reflexive stage of Williams’s ostracism model that exclusion, rather than inclusion, threatens psychological needs. For each of the following needs: belonging, control, self-esteem and meaningful existence we expect the score means to be lower following ostracism in the exclusion condition. In addition, we pose a general research question: do excluded players show inclusive ball-throwing patterns towards other players that might include ongoing reflective stage processes to restore threatened needs?
