As a nutrition professional, what aspects would you weigh when guiding an individual or a group of people on what a healthy diet is?

1) As a nutrition professional, what aspects would you weigh when guiding an individual or a group of people on what a healthy diet is? In other words, list at least two things that should be taken into consideration when trying to balance different sources of nutrition information (3.5 pts).

2) There is no perfect dietary assessment tool. Of the subjective tools we have discussed (listed below), please discuss the biases that come with each method and what each bias means. Examples of this include reactivity, recall bias and flat slope response (3 pts).

a. 24-hour recall

b. Food frequency questionnaire

c. Food record

3) For the following research designs, list the dietary assessment method most commonly used in each design. Additionally, please explain why (hint: what is the tool meant to measure?) (3 pts).

a. Cross-sectional

b. Longitudinal (cohort)

c. Case-control

4) Select the FALSE statement regarding nutritional assessment and edit the false statement to make it true (3 pts).

a. Nutritional assessment is a complex process and individuals and/or populations need to be assessed repeatedly over time.
b. Nutritional assessment involves four main types of assessment but using dietary assessment methods alone can adequately assess a person’s nutritional status.
c. Nutritional assessment is critical and often mandated for groups at high risk for malnutrition.
d. Nutritional assessment is used by nutrition professionals in a variety of healthcare settings.

5) When conducting an interviewer-based 24-hour recall, list three tips for how to gather the most accurate data from your client (3 pts).

6) Read the following case study. As you read it, please categorize statements/information into the following assessment types: anthropometric, biochemical, clinical, or dietary. In the table below please list two examples for each type of assessment. You do not need to infer meaning about what the information may or may not tell you about the client’s nutritional status (10 pts).

Dale Cooper is an 84-year-old man who lives in Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania where he worked in the coal mines until he retired at the age of 67. He and his wife, Annie, lived there all their lives till she passed away 6 months ago. Annie was the homemaker and did all the cleaning, cooking, and chores around the home. Now that she’s gone, Dale has to cook and clean for himself because he refuses to leave his home to go to some “retirement home where people just go to die”. Prior to losing his wife, Dale weighed 200lbs at six feet tall at his last doctor’s appointment and had blood drawn for standard lab panels and gave a urine sample. He now weighs 175lbs and claims it’s because he hasn’t been eating any pie and ice cream since his sweetheart left his side. They used to go to the local café to have slice with a scoop of ice cream and a hot cup of black coffee. When asked about his diet he states that he doesn’t feel hungry very often and eats because he knows that if Annie was alive, she’d pester him till he ate something. He started to take a daily multivitamin knowing Annie would approve.
His typical day is as follows:
10 am: 1c black coffee, sometimes a small bowl of raisin brain with whole milk while he reads the paper
2 pm: bowl of Great Value beefy stew and 2 slices of white bread with butter, tall glass of milk
6 pm: white bread sandwich with bologna, mayo, cheddar cheese; handful of chips; 1 can Pepsi
Labs: Complete blood count (CBC), basic metabolic and panels, urinary analysis (UA). All non-remarkable.
During your session with Dale, you notice that he keeps coughing and has some dyspnea (trouble/labored breathing). You ask him about it and he laughs. He tells you that because he worked in the coal mines for so long, he got the ‘black lung’ but wasn’t diagnosed with it until after he retired. Sometimes he feels completely fine, and others, his chest feels tight, and he has shortness of breath. His doctor prescribed him an inhaler and told him to carry it around at all times. At night, he wears an oxygen mask to help him breathe better.

Anthropometric
1.
2. Biochemical
1.
2.
Clinical
1.
2. Dietary
1.
2.

6b) What else would you consider to be important information when assessing Dale’s nutritional status that does not fall “cleanly” into A, B, C or D? Please list at least one piece of information and explain why you think it would be important.

7) Please list one benefit and one limitation of each dietary assessment method below (13.5 pts). ADDITIONALLY, please offer one feasible scenario or client, where you think this dietary assessment method would work best and please explain why for each.

a. 24-hour recall (interview-based)