Read each question carefully.
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Where needed, students who are non-native speakers of English should look up meanings of English words and expressions. Where needed, students can also ask native speakers for acceptability judgments (e.g., “Can you say This seems quickly in English”?).
Part 1 Words (10 points)
Consider the underlined expression in each of the following sentences. Is the underlined expression a phonological word, listeme, both, or neither? Select one for each question. You do not have to give an explanation. [2 points each]
That was a very unthoughtful thing you did.
(A) phonological word
(B) listeme
(C) both a phonological word and a listeme
(D) neither a phonological word nor a listeme
Wipe down the window with a soft, clean, lint-free microfiber cloth.
(A) phonological word
(B) listeme
(C) both a phonological word and a listeme
(D) neither a phonological word nor a listeme
You should wear a harness when you’re rock climbing.
(A) phonological word
(B) listeme
(C) both a phonological word and a listeme
(D) neither a phonological word nor a listeme
Writing this essay should be a piece of cake if you did the reading.
(A) phonological word
(B) listeme
(C) both a phonological word and a listeme
(D) neither a phonological word nor a listeme
The beige notebook on the table belongs to me.
(A) phonological word
(B) listeme
(C) both a phonological word and a listeme
(D) neither a phonological word nor a listeme
Part 2 Listemes (10 points)
Consider the following sentence.
She stans this K-Pop group.
Some people complain that slang words like stan are “not real words.” Think about this observation and answer the following questions. [5 points]
Is a slang word like stan a listeme?
Justify your answer in (a) in a few sentences. In your discussion, address the above-mentioned complaint that slang words like stan are “not real words”.
Is the underlined compound word in the following sentence a listeme? Why or why not? Explain in a few sentences. [5 points]
This interactive toy will keep your rugrat busy for hours.
Part 3 Dictionaries (10 points)**
People often say things like “But the dictionary says this!” in arguments. People often believe that dictionaries are the final authority when it comes to what a word means. Contrary to popular belief, the dictionary is not the ultimate authority of language and meaning, and the dictionary does not have the final say in debates. Think about our discussion of dictionaries in class and explain in a few sentences why this is the case in your own words. Include in your discussion what the purpose of a dictionary actually is.
**Note: the point value of a question (here, 10 points) reflects the importance of the question, rather than the anticipated length of your answer. A higher point value does *not* necessarily mean that you should write an essay. A longer answer does *not* necessarily equate to a higher grade. The most impressive answers are succinct, concise, accurate, use effective reasoning and/or examples, and make the point without an excessive amount of sentences.
