Microbiology
1)Why are burn victims more susceptible to bacterial infections than the average person?
Burn victims tend to be older and less healthy even prior to their burn injury
Burn victims tend to be immobilized and the lack of movement can lead to infection
Treatment for burns includes immuno suppressive drugs
Barriers are a critical part of innate immunity, and barriers are disrupted in burn victims
2)
How are ESKAPE pathogens different from other pathogens?
They are more contageous, meaning they spread more quickly through a population
They release more toxins than most pathogens
They are particularly good at colonization, a key virulence factor
They are more resistant to antimicrobial drug treatments
3) Which of the following characteristics led to a patient being EXCLUDED from the study?
25%
50%
75%
95%
4) Which of the following characteristics led to a patient being EXCLUDED from the study?
The patient was immunodeficient
The patient was over the age of 65
The patient had burns over a total body surface area greater than 70%
The patient arrived at the hospital within 48 hours after the burn
5) Where were the most common sites of infection from which samples were isolated?
Blood
Catheters
Wound secretions
Urine
6) What category of pathogen was most commonly found in burn victim infections?
Gram negative bacteria
Gram positive bacteria
Fungi
Commensal
7) Were all of the top 5 gram negative and top 3 gram positive infections ESKAPE pathogens?
Yes
No
They could not determine
8) What percentage of the strains of pathogens isolated from burn patient infections were ESKAPE pathogens?
20.5%
28.9%
47.5%
52.2%
9) What percentage of the S. aureus isolated from burn victims was resistant to ampicillin?
28.7%
51.4%
60%
100%
10) Based on Table 2, what drug would have been the MOST effective at treatin the MOST strains of P. aeruginosa?
Cefepime
Imipenem
Tetracycline
Aztreonam
11) Looking over Tables 1 and 2, which pathogens have NO natural resistance to any of the tested drugs?
E. faecium
A. baumannii
S. aureus
Enterobacter species
12) What are aacA-aphD, aph3ʹIII, aphA3, ermB and tetM ?
Strains of antibiotic resistant E. faecalis
Non-ESKAPE pathogens found in burn victim infections
The antibiotics to which the most ESKAPE pathogens are suseptible
Genes that allow for a pathogen to be antibiotic resistant
13) What was true of burn victims with ESKAPE pathogen infections compared to non-ESKAPE pathogen infections?
They tended to be older
They tended to have a lower Hb (hemoglobn) level
They tended to be more critically ill
They tended to have been released from the hospital earlier (perhaps too early)
14) What percentage of people tend to die from burn injury?
0.000011%
0.0011%
0.11%
1.1%
15) Was the the most problematic (prevelant and resistant) gram negative ESKAPE pathogen?
Acinetobacter baumannii
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Staphylococcus aureus
16) Share in one sentence what you think that most important new finding in this paper was. New findings will be specific things that the researchers tested, and will not be cited facts.
17) Imagine that you were given all of the samples and the associated data that had been collected from the burn victims infection. In just a few sentences, what would you want to test that they did not examine?
